Kubernetes是Google内部容器编排引擎Borg的开源版本，之前写过一篇文章介绍过，并且使用Minukube来进行安装，但是那个只能是自己本地来体验一下，在研发测试环境中一般都会是使用Kubeadm来部署Kubernetes集群，Kubeadm是官方提供的Kubernetes集群安装工具，还在不断迭代，目前还没有达到GA版本，所以生产环境中还都是二进制源码安装。
环境准备
环境说明
三台CentOS7.7的虚拟机配置,每台虚拟机两个网卡，一张网卡用于集群内部通信，一张网卡用于上网。
| Hostname | CPU | Memoroy | ip |
|---|---|---|---|
| k8s-master | 2C | 2GB | 192.168.56.4,10.0.2.15 |
| k8s-node1 | 2C | 2GB | 192.168.56.5,10.0.2.16 |
| k8s-node2 | 2C | 2GB | 192.168.56.6,10.0.2.17 |
关闭防火墙
Kubernetes集群内部需要通信，需要开放相关端口，具体需要开放哪些端口可以在官方文档中查找，这里为了方便，直接将防火墙关闭。
1 | systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld |
关闭selinux
1 | sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config |
关闭swap
1 | 临时 |
添加host映射
1 | vim /etc/hosts |
修改iptable规则
将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链1
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cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
安装Docker
添加Docker源
1 | wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo |
安装Docker
1 | yum install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 -y |
启动
1 | systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker |
安装KubeAdm
添加KubeAdm源
1 | cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo |
安装
1 | yum install kubelet-1.13.3 -y |
初始化Master节点
所有的准备工作都弄好了，上边的所有操作都需要在各个节点进行执行安装，从这里开始将分Master和Node节点进行不同的初始化操作
1 | kubeadm init \ |
--apiserver-advertise-address: master的集群内部IP
等待KubeAdm初始化Master完成，最后会有这个提示,需要记录下这个，后边加入Node节点需要。
1 | kubeadm join 192.168.56.4:6443 --token oqqiog.wn8a8vj1kbf3cfko --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a64ed306edd5ee0bdacf523e0c2098cc6c29c070021ae81bed66f7d241484422 |
Kubectl访问K8s
1 | mkdir $HOME/.kube |
安装flannel网络插件
Kubernetes内部的网络是扁平化的，K8s默认是这样子的，但是现实却不是，所以就有很多网络插件来实现，K8s内部提供了CNI接口来做规范，下面我们使用其中的一种插件来做实现。
参考flannel的文档
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
安装完成了可以通过kubectl get pods -n kube-system看到flannel相关的pod已经运行起来了。
这里把kube-flannel.yml文件做个备份1
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602---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
加入Node节点
在初始化Master成功之后Master会提示如何加入集群，分别在每个Node节点上执行即可。
1 | kubeadm join 192.168.56.4:6443 --token oqqiog.wn8a8vj1kbf3cfko --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a64ed306edd5ee0bdacf523e0c2098cc6c29c070021ae81bed66f7d241484422 |
等待Node节点安装flannel插件和K8s的一些镜像，所有节点都Ready了可以验证集群是否成功。
测试集群
在每个Node节点添加阿里云registry加速镜像拉取
1 | tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' |
重新加载并重启Docker
1 | systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker |
创建deployment
1 | kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx |
暴露service
1 | kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort |
访问Service
暴露service的方式是NodePort，我们可以通过node_ip + node_port来访问nginx
先来看看nginx的pod是在哪个Node上，以及Serivce暴露出来NodePort1
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7[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/nginx-5c7588df-pwx7w 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.1.5 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.1.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 13h <none>
service/nginx NodePort 10.1.31.46 <none> 80:30315/TCP 11h app=n
然后我们就可以通过k8s-nod1的30315端口去访问nginx了。
安装Dashboard
获取部署yaml文件
1 | wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml |
修改yaml文件
修改镜像
Dashboard development的默认镜像是k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1,
修改为aliyun的镜像registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0。
修改Service暴露方式
Dashboard Service 下暴露方式没有写，默认是clusteIP的方式，这样子我们要在外边访问还得借助kube-proxy，所以把暴露方式改为NodePort方式。
这里还是做一下记录1
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163 Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
rules:
Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create"]
Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
verbs: ["create"]
Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
修改好了之后应用yaml文件1
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
等待Dashboard完成。
查看pod以及service1
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4[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc -o wide -n kube-system | grep dashboard
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d77666777-fggbb 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.1.6 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.1.126.96 <none> 443:31858/TCP 11h k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
访问k8s-node1节点的31858端口即可访问dashboard
要想登录Dashboard，我们还得创建令牌(Token)
创建SA
1 | kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system |
绑定为cluster-admin角色1
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
查看新建的SA的token
1 | [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin |
1 | [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-wmx9x -n kube-system |
将token复制，使用token去登录Dashboard。
